I heard a news anchor this morning on Good Morning America state that GM was working towards creating their first electric car, the Chevy Volt. What wasn’t reported was that GM created a production electric vehicle, introduced in 1996; available in California and Arizona. They were discontinued in 1999 and removed from the road in 2003.
Why did they kill a car which is now being heralded as a way to revive the brand and lead us towards fuel efficency?
From Wikipedia:
“In late 2003, GM officially canceled the EV1 program. Despite unfulfilled waiting lists and positive feedback from the lessees, GM stated that it could not sell enough of the cars to make the EV1 profitable. In fact, during the later stages of development for the car, GM officials claimed that they stood no chance of ever making a profit on the EV1 itself.”
From GM’s website:
“We are the guys that developed and launched EV1, the first modern-day electric vehicle, back in 1996. We are also the guys that devoted tremendous resources to design, engineer, and market this vehicle. Although the technical innovation and marketing efforts behind the EV1 were unparalleled, only 800 people were willing to lease the EV1. Yes, the EV1 quickly became the worldwide benchmark for electric vehicles, but its timing wasn’t quite right. When GM launched the EV1, gas was cheap, there wasn’t a war in Iraq, and there was less discussion about global warming. There were far fewer reasons for people to make the trade-offs in their transportation lifestyle to make the EV1 work for them.”
One of the primary issues for killing the car was battery technology:
“The EV1 has been called a failure by business publications such as the Wall Street Journal.[26] GM believes that the electric car venture was not a failure, and that the EV1 was doomed when the expected breakthrough in battery technology did not take place.[27] In fact, the NiMH battery packs (or Ovonic Battery) that were expected to dramatically improve range came with their own set of problems; GM had to use a less-efficient charging algorithm (lengthening charge times) and waste power on air conditioning to prevent the battery packs from overheating.[28]”
Much to my surprise, I learned that hybrid technology was also tested in 1999, but GM concluded that commercial viability was out of reach. From a business perspective, what a chronic misstep on the part of GM to kill its electric and hybrid prototypes. None of which is reported when we hear discussions of the prototype electric vehicle.
However, GM proposes to use a lithium ion battery in its Chevy Volt, slated for 2010. This type of battery, found in laptops, cellular phones and other consumer electronics also have their disadvantages.
From Wikipedia:
“Under certain temperature conditions, the batteries have a tendency to become damaged and can sometimes never fully recharge again. In certain situations where the temperature is too cold (below the recommended battery temperature) the battery will still hold its charge but cannot be recharged as a result of the cold temperature.
Li-ion batteries are not as durable as nickel metal hydride (NiMH - the battery GM had originally used for the EV1 vehnicle) or nickel-cadmium designs and can be extremely dangerous if mistreated. They are usually more expensive.”
It remains to be seen wether this vehicle will bring the true benefits and end gasoline dependency as GM and the various news media tout.